In the keynote presentation 'Beyond Ruby 3.0' by Yukihiro Matsumoto, the creator of Ruby, the focus is on the advancements made in Ruby 3.0 while ensuring its compatibility with previous versions. Matz emphasizes that the primary goal of Ruby is to create a better world for developers and users alike. Here are the key points discussed in the presentation:

• Compatibility: Matz highlights the importance of maintaining compatibility with Ruby 2.x programs, which ensures that most applications can run without modification on Ruby 3.0. He references past struggles during major version updates that caused community splits and loss of users due to compatibility issues seen in languages like Python and PHP.

• Performance Improvement: Ruby 3.0 introduces a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler intended to make Ruby run three times faster than Ruby 2.0, specifically enhancing performance for CPU-intensive tasks. Matz mentions that while not every application benefits equally from the JIT compiler, benchmarks show improved performance in specific scenarios.

• Concurrency Enhancements: With the evolution of hardware moving towards multi-core processors, Ruby 3.0 introduces two key features for concurrency: async fibers and the Ractor model. Async fibers allow Ruby to handle IO-heavy tasks more efficiently without blocking threads, while Ractors enable true parallel execution by isolating object states and limiting state sharing, thus avoiding the global interpreter lock.

• Static Type Checkers: Addressing the rise in popularity of static typing, Ruby 3.0 aims to improve developer experience with optional type signatures and type checking, thus enhancing code quality without fully transitioning to static typing.

• Future Development: Matz discusses the ongoing requirements for improvement in Ruby’s toolset and functionality, indicating that Ruby will continue to evolve while trying to retain its dynamic nature. Features like pattern matching and new syntax enhancements have been made to make coding more expressive.

• Conclusion: Matz concludes by reiterating the original purpose behind creating Ruby — to contribute to a better world through effective programming. He invites the community to embrace these changes and engage with Ruby for future development.

This talk represents a forward-looking effort to address both challenges and advantages that come with Ruby's evolution while acknowledging its rich history and dedication to user needs.